aha! That (the electronic ign) explains why you couldn't get home. Another lament for a lost magneto began to form in my head . . . but no matter.
Re where does the electrickery go . . .? What gets to the battery is dictated by the behaviour of the regulator and cut-out. If you read the adjacent thread 'Points or Electronic Ignition' you'll get a few pointers. Whether you have an old-style mechanical regulator or a more modern electronic one, they all try to achieve the same thing - which is to feed enough juice into F to allow the dynamo to convert it into enough juice out of D to maintain the battery at the correct level of charge, regardless of load on it. If F is being overfed by a dodgy regulator, D will overfeed the battery until the dynamo gives up the struggle, after having overcharged or even boiled the battery. A fully-charged battery should not receive more than a small charge at normal running speeds. It'll show a discharge at low speed with all the lights on, and should balance to zero on the ammeter - guessing - at about 30-35mph in top gear. With electronic ignition, the load is greater to the tune of a couple of amps probably. It is possible someone has tried to 'adjust' the regulator - if it's an old-style one - to up the output to cope with the ignition system. Bad plan for everything concerned.
Not sure whether you're at 6 or 12 volt. But with your ignition I'd say 12 was almost essential, and an electronic regulator much to be preferred. If I were you I'd think carefully about the idea of an Alton alternator to cope with the load, or think about sourcing a magneto. But it's very easy to spend other people's money and I guess in the meantime a decent battery - the biggest that you can get in the space given the risk of needing it to get you home when things stop working - plus a check on the dynamo input/output might reveal enough to get you over the immediate problem.
Lovely looking bike! Be good to hear when it goes as well as it looks. Best of luck and hope you can leave the breakdown truck for all those BMWs and Hondas from now on!