The oil pick up pipe in the sump has a non return ball valve, check that this is not stuck, clogged with carbonised oil and that the ball can rise against its stop. Turning the engine backwards will indeed draw oil back into the return side of the system, but unless this valve is held open, its a dead end and you may not suck enough down to prime the pump. Alternative is to feed oil up the pick up pipe with a pressure oil can and a length of tube. Stuck ball is a common fault on engines left standing, easy fix.
You are correct in diagnosing possible reasons for non return. One other often overlooked is an air leak where the pick up pipe joins the crankcase. Plenty on the forum about the vagaries of the system, tales of sleepless nights, threats od destruction, you name it, it's all there.
Swarfy.